Rounding Related Functions in SAS

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** Things under legendu.net/outdated are outdated technologies that the author does not plan to update any more. Please look for better alternatives. **

1. To avoid numerical issues, you should use the ceil function instead of the ceilz function for rounding up generally speaking.

2. Notice that the round function in SAS rounds away from zero to break ties (i.e., at x.5).

data _null_;
    x1 = round(1.5);
    put x1;
    x2 = round(2.5);
    put x2;
    x3 = round(-1.5);
    put x3;
    x4 = round(-2.5);
    put x4;
run;

Truncation Functions CEIL returns the smallest integer the argument CEILZ returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing FLOOR returns the largest integer the argument FLOORZ returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the argument, using zero fuzzing FUZZ returns the nearest integer if the argument is within 1E-12 INT returns the integer portion of a value INTZ returns the integer portion of the argument, using zero fuzzing MODZ returns the remainder from the division of the first argument by the second argument, using zero fuzzing ROUND rounds a value to the nearest round-off unit ROUNDE rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, and returns an even multiple when the first argument is halfway between the two nearest multiples ROUNDZ rounds the first argument to the nearest multiple of the second argument, with zero fuzzing TRUNC returns a truncated numeric value of a specified length